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Xunzi’s “national” view and the Qin Dynasty of the “post-Zhou Lunar New Year”
Author: Sato Yoshizhi (Doctor of Han, Netherlands, currently taught in the Department of Philosophy in Taiwan, and is an important part of the study of Chinese philosophy, Eastern Asian Contemplation History, Xunzi and others)
Source: “Science·Economic·Social”, 2021 No. 2
Abstract
This article aims to clarify the characteristics and historical meanings of the thoughts of “Xunzi”, and thus explore its “national” view and insights into the Qin Dynasty at that time. In this way, I wanted to understand the historical meaning of “Xunzi” that took shape or appeared in the world under the political situation that no longer existed in Zhou and Lu during the Warring States Period. This article first labels the content: the harmony of heaven, the elite of the industry, the sweet article, and the “national” view of the marriage first and love Xunzi after marriage are as follows: First, the country conceived by Xunzi was a country that manages the national territory from the beginning. Second, countries under the view of Xunzi’s “national” will survive their dynasty. From a positive point of view, it turns out that as long as a small country with a “five hundred miles” is in the country, it can grow into a management country. Third, Xunzi praised Zhou Gong’s key colors in the process of describing the Zhou Dynasty’s solid management of the whole country, and called him “big Confucianism”. Based on the above three points, Xunzi was observing the current situation of Qin and believed that his power and territory were no longer needed to be expanded, but he strongly encouraged the Qin court to hire “major scholars” or “smart and righteous people” to pursue “independence”, that is, to calm the country’s policy of marquis and people. On the one hand, Xunzi seemed to believe that in fact, only Qin has the ability to manage the whole country in the near future, but by emphasizing that any marquis who lead the land “one hundred miles” can only hire a “big scholar” to manage the whole country, reminding Qin Jun not to miss the opportunity to hire him, otherwise other countries that hire such talents will replace Qin’s beauty.
Keywords: “Xunzi”; national view; Qin Kingdom; King Zhaoxiang of Qin; Major Confucianism
1. Preface
This article intends to clarify the ideological characteristics and historical meaning of the two works “Xunzi” and “Yuji” that have formed or appeared in the world in the last period of the war era. It is the third chapter of a series of discussions on their relationship with Qin. The purpose of this article is to the “national” view of Xunzi in Ming Dynasty and Xunzi’s understanding of Qin at that time.
In order to discuss this topic, the first article of the writer, “The Political Order of the Post-Zhou Lun: The King of Qin who became the Emperor”, explores the historical landscapes of the two books “Xun” and “Jiu”, and here explores the history that the writers are concerned about.In fact, because King Zhaoxiang of Qin captured the Western Zhou Dynasty in 256 BC, the entire Huaxia world entered a political order and focused on the “interregnum” period where the authority did not exist. Furthermore, during the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, especially after the victory of the long-term peace war from 262 to 260 BC, the Qin Dynasty’s unique shape was also foregone conclusion. Taking this form as an important landscape, after the dissipation of the Zhou Dynasty, the King of Qin began to learn as “de facto” (which developed actual authority and effectiveness in the present situation) – it was often criticized. The “emperor” interacts with other monks[1]16-27. However, at that time, Zhou Zuhou did not willingly accept Qin’s arrangements because of Zhou Lu’s demise and Qin’s rejuvenation. Here, the author’s second article “The End of the “Zhoulu Age” and the Entering of the “Year of the Year of the Lung”” recommends that the editing of the “Year of the Lung” in 240 BC was based on the situation of the central authority of the “Post-Zhoulu Age” as an important landscape. In other words, the book “The Age of the Gate”, in addition to describing the blue pictures that governed the whole country in the “Post-Zhou Lu era”, was also a “action plan” [2]117-128 that was used to reign the position of the King of Qin from “de facto” to “real emperor”, and to offer them to the King of Qin and his court officials to them to practice every day. Moreover, the theory of managing the country proposed in “The Age of the Ghost” should have had some influence on the Qin court’s policies from 240 to 230 BC1.
This article follows the question concept and observation of the two previous articles, focusing on another major work, “Xunzi”, which appeared in the world with the “Post Zhou Lu Period” as a landscape of important times, and his understanding of this world situation and the Qin Dynasty, the most prosperous country at that time. In order to achieve this assessment goal, the author conducted an investigation based on the “national” view of Xunzi. As the author has described in many previous discussions, since the thinking of “Xunzi” in “Xunzi” contains many statements about countries that manage the nations of the nation. On this road, the thinking of “Xunzi” is like “The Age of the Ghost”, compared with the works of other warring countries to create the “post-war” national order, and is a work that is more powerful in the world of the Huaxia world that will be affected by the historical trends.
But at this point when we think about the “Xunzi”‘s aspiration to manage the nation’s people”, we also need to pay attention to that in 240 years before the content construction period, the whole country would not predict that the “National Unique” would be formed from Qin 3. Although Qin was indeed the most powerful country in the Huaxia world at that time, Qin itself had not yet “prepared” and immediately wanted to attack the surrounding marquis to form a whole country. Of course, Xunzi didn’t know that the Huaxia world would be unified by the Qin Kingdom in twenty years. What’s more, in 240 BC, it was expected that this would be followed by his student Li Si! Besides, what we need to think about is the politics and thinking situations of Xunzi’s active period—250 to 240 BC. If we put the viewpoint in frontIn the Huaxia world from 250 to 240 BC, Xunzi was deeply touched by the historical situation he faced, but instead was the severe strife of the whole country at that time, so he tried his best to propose theories of establishing and managing the people of the whole country in order to provide for qualified or perhaps determined rulers.
According to the above question’s meaning, this article will discuss the following two issues: First, use the “national” view of “Xunzi” to understand the understanding of the world situation at that time. When we carefully analyze the relevant comments in “Xunzi”, we can find that the country Xunzi pointed to was not the actual situation of the marquis country at that time, but the “national-type” country that governed the entire Huaxia world4.
Second, then, as far as Xunzi’s observation of the actual force relationship between the warring states, how will countries that can manage the whole country appear in the near future? Xunzi believed that the marquis who had no land in a hundred miles were of theoretical qualifications to become the king of the “national country” he conceived. In fact, in the twilight years of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Xunzi did not seem to have no idea that the Qin lord, who had already possessed the overwhelming power and great power in the Huaxia world, would be able to become the “monarch of the whole country” in the future. However, as detailed in the following article, Xunzi believed that he could achieve this goal only under the conditions of recruiting “major scholars” from Qin and in accordance with the conditions of “exclusiveism”. In fact, there is still a big gap between the blue picture of “managing the whole country” proposed by “Xunzi” and the later adopted a unified national policy by King Ying Zheng and Li Si.
In short, in the eyes of many students, the content and meaning of Xunzi’s thoughts are closely related to the historical events of the whole country that the Qin Kingdom attacked the surrounding marquis in 221 BC. The authors do not plan this kind of thought at first, but explore the unique historical meaning of Xunzi’s management of the country by focusing on the actual situation of the Huaxia world from 260 to 240 BC.
2. The thinking characteristics of the “national” view of “Xunzi”
In this section, I will first try to clarify what kind of initiative Xunzi wants to propose by applying the concept of “national” and what kind of thinking characteristics
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